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Chapter 2
Vocabulary: 36 words
acid-base reaction |
element endergonic reaction endothermic reaction entropy Gibbs free-energy change exergonic reaction exothermic reaction functional group hydrogen bond |
hydroxyl group ionic bond kinetic energy molecular weight molecule nonpolar organic molecule oxidized atom pH |
phosphate group polar potential energy product proton reactant redox reaction reduced atom sulfhydryl group |
Key Figures: 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.15, 2.16, 2.18, 2.19a, 2.20. Try the exercises below the figures. Remember to take advantage of the "Check your understanding sections."
Table 2.3 memorize functional groups
Key Media: Chemistry Review (Powerpoint), Reduction-Oxidation Review (Flash Animation), Water Properties Review (Flash Animation)
Test Your Knowledge: #1-6
Test Your Understanding: #1, 2, & 6
Applying Concepts to New Situations: #2
You should be able to draw the structure of common functional groups found in biological macromolecules and say a bit about their function.
Chapter 3 - Protein Structure and Function
Vocabulary: 47 words
| 2nd Lecture | 3rd Lecture | ||
| alpha helix amino acid amino acid sequence beta sheet condensation reaction C-terminus dehydration reaction denatured protein dimer disulfide bonds hydrolysis |
hydrophilic hydrophobic macromolecule molecular chaperones monomer N-terminus oligopeptide peptide bond polymer polymerization polypeptide |
primary structure |
activation energy active site adenosine diphosphate adenosine monophosphate adenosine triphosphate allosteric regulation catalysis coenzyme competitive inhibition enzyme enzyme cofactor enzyme substrate phosphorylation transition state |
Key Figures: 3.2, 3.3, Table 3.1, Table 3.2, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14, 3.15, Table 3.3, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, 3.22, 3.23, 3.24, 3.25
Check Your Understanding: p. 56, p. 62
Key Media: Amino Acid Polymerization (Flash Animation), Protein Structure Review (Powerpoint), Enzyme Catalysis (Powerpoint), Activation Energy (Flash Animation)
Test Your Knowledge: #1-6
Test Your Understanding: #1, 2, 4, & 6
Applying Concepts to New Situations: #2
Reading: Section 3.1 "What Do Proteins Do?", Section 3.3 "Amino Acids and Polymerization," Section 3.4 "What Do Proteins Look Like?" Box 3.1, Section 3.5 "Enzymes: An Introduction to Catalysis"
Protein Folding and Sleep MP3 15 minute segment of RadioLab podcast. The rest of the entire 1-hr podcast is fascinating animal biology, but not directly related to our chapter.
You should be able to draw the structures of a couple of amino acids such as glycine and alanine. You should be able to describe how (and why) amino acid side chains are important for protein structure and function.
Chapter 4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World
Vocabulary:
| base pairing (complementary base pairing) complementary strand deoxynucleoside triphosphate deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleotide DNA |
hairpin loop nucleic acid nucleotide phosphodiester linkage primer purine pyrimidine |
ribonucleic acid ribonucleotide ribose ribozyme RNA template strand |
Key Figures: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, Box 4.1 - The Human Side of Research
Key Media: Nucleic Acids Review (Flash Animation), Review Slides from Lecture (PowerPoint)
Test Your Knowledge: #1-6
Test Your Understanding: #2, 3, 4, & 5
You should be able to find the 5' and 3' carbons of the ribose in RNA and the deoxyribose in DNA and describe what is different about the substituents bonded to the 2' carbon.
You should be able to draw a cartoon of double-stranded DNA illustrating the key features such as the sugar-phosphate backbone, the anti-parallel nature of the double helix, and the specific base pairing between the purine and pyrimidine bases.
Read the KEY CONCEPTS on p. 67. Do you understand all the vocabulary in those three paragraphs?
Chapter 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates
Vocabulary:
| amylase amylose cellulose cellulase chitin carbohydrate |
triose pentose hexose aldose ketose |
sucrose fructose glucose galactose maltose ribose |
glyceraldehyde glycogen peptidoglycan starch monosaccharide disaccharide polysaccharide |
Key Figures: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, Table 5.1, Box 5.1, Box 5.2, 5.7, 5.8 (do exercise), 5.9
Key Media: Carbohydrates Review (Flash Animation), Review Slides from Lecture (PowerPoint)
Test Your Knowledge: #1, 2, 3, 4, & 6
Test Your Understanding: #2, 3, 4, 6
Applying Concepts to New Situations: #2, 3, 4
You should be able to draw a glyceraldehyde and a glycerol molecule.
Given the structure of glucose and fructose, you should be able to correctly draw the structure of sucrose.
Chapter 6 - Lipids, Membranes and the First Cells
Vocabulary:
| amphipathic aquaporin carrier molecule detergent ester linkage fat fatty acid gated channel glycerol hydrocarbon ion channel isoprene unit |
lipid lipid bilayer micelle oil osmosis phospholipid plasma membrane sodium/potassium ATPase solute steroid transport protein triglyceride |
vesicle wax gradient concentration gradient electrical gradient chemical gradient electrochemical gradient proton gradient pH gradient ion gradient ionophore |
integral membrane protein transmembrane protein peripheral membrane protein cytoplasmic protein permeable selective permeability semi-permeable membrane impermeable diffusion facilitated diffusion passive transport active transport |
Key Figures: 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.11, 6.13, 6.14, 6.15, 6.16, 6.17, 6.20, 6.21, 6.22, 6.23, 6.24, 6.25, 6.27, 6.28, 6.29
Key Media: Review Slides from Lipids Lecture (PowerPoint), Review Slides from Membranes Lecture (PowerPoint), Membrane Structure & Permeability (Flash Animation), Membrane Transport (Flash Animation)
Test Your Knowledge: #1-6
Test Your Understanding: #1, 2, 4, 5, 6
Applying Concepts to New Situations: #2, 3, 4
You should be able to draw the structure of glycerol.
You should be able to draw the structure of a fatty acid.
You should be able to draw a cartoon of a phospholipid indicating the correct number of fatty acid tails, the glycerol backbone, and the location of the phosphate group. You should be able to describe how the structure of a phospholipid leads to its function in cell membranes.
You should be able to draw a cartoon of a membrane bilayer illustrating the correct location of phospholipids, integral membrane proteins, peripheral proteins, and soluble (cytoplasmic) proteins.
You should absolutely understand the concept of an ion gradient across a membrane.